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--- p5bg:bullet_game [2024/09/04 08:54] – appledog
+++ p5bg:bullet_game [2024/09/11 06:42] (current) – removed appledog
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Bullet Game
-Bullet Game is our near-end stage pygame 2d game framework example. We've already done at least 6 or 7 other games using pygame. So this will document the patterns we have learned.
-We began by "just writing" a game, then the second part was refactoring the game. I wanted to make refactoring it's own project. What are the goals of this refactoring?
-* Refactoring
-** Encapsulation
-** Light Commentary (code commentary) ex. IN and OUT for functions.
-The primary goal is encapsulation. So, we're going to break up the old main into several new classes.
-== PyGame Framework
-The first part of this is the use of [[pygame framework]]. We'll describe the additions here.
-== Bullet Game
-Here is the code we added, starting with main.py:
-=== main.py
-<Code:Python>
-from Window import *
-from Game import *
-def main():
-    window = Window()
-    window.setCaption("Bullet Game")
-    window.setSize(Screen.WIDTH, Screen.HEIGHT)
-    window.setFont("assets/ps2p.ttf", 32)
-    game = Game(window)
-    game.start()
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
-</Code>
-=== Screen,py
-<Code:Python>
-class Screen:
-    WIDTH = 800
-    HEIGHT = 600
-    FPS = 60
-    MARGIN = 96
-    GAMETOP = MARGIN
-    GAMEBOT = HEIGHT - MARGIN
-</Code>
-=== Game.py
-<Code:Python>
-import pygame
-import random
-import pickle
-from Screen import *
-from Window import *
-from Bullet import *
-from Color import *
-from Screen import *
-from Zombie import *
-from SpaceShip import *
-from Sound import *
-from Player import *
-from Constants import *
-from Level import *
-from Star import *
-class Game:
-    def __init__(self, window):
-        self.window = window
-        self.sound = Sound()
-        # Initialize Game World Data
-        # The Player & Level
-        self.player = Player()
-        self.player.hiscore = self.load_hiscore("score.txt")
-        self.level = Level(1, self.player)
-        # Bullet list
-        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
-        # Zombies list
-        self.zombies = pygame.sprite.Group()
-        self.spaceships = pygame.sprite.Group()
-        # 30 random stars.
-        self.stars = []
-        for n in range(30):
-            x = random.randint(0, Screen.WIDTH)
-            y = random.randint(0, Screen.HEIGHT)
-            self.stars.append((x, y))
-        # All member variables are now globals:
-        # Try commenting it out to see what happens!
-        globals().update(self.__dict__)
-    #################################
-    ##          Main Loop          ##
-    #################################
-    def start(self):
-        # Clock for controlling the frame rate
-        clock = pygame.time.Clock()
-        # Main game loop
-        running = True
-        frame_counter = 0
-        ##################
-        # GAME LOOP ORDER OF EVENTS:
-        ##################
-        sound.play("start")
-        # pygame.mixer.init()
-        # pygame.mixer.music.load('assets/sound/waveafterwave.mp3')
-        # pygame.mixer.music.play()
-        # Start of Game Loop
-        time_start = time.time() * 1000
-        LEVEL_DELAY = 3000
-        while running:
-            time_clock = (time.time() * 1000) - time_start
-            frame_counter += 1
-            if frame_counter > 60:
-                frame_counter = 1
-            ########################
-            # 1. EVENT HANDLING
-            ########################
-            for event in pygame.event.get():
-                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
-                    running = False
-                    quit_game()
-                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
-                    if event.key == pygame.K_z:
-                        self.create_spaceship()
-                    if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
-                        self.quit_game()
-                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
-                        self.quit_game()
-                    if event.key == pygame.K_w:
-                        x = self.player.rect.x + self.player.SIZE / 2
-                        y = self.player.rect.y + self.player.SIZE / 2
-                        self.create_bullet(x, y, 0, -1)
-            # Continuous (frame-by-frame) Key press handling
-            keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
-            if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
-                self.player.rect.x -= self.player.SPEED
-            if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
-                self.player.rect.x += self.player.SPEED
-            #######################
-            # 2. RULES SECTION
-            #######################
-            ### Level-specifc stuff:
-            if time_clock > LEVEL_DELAY:
-                commands = self.level.tick_hook()
-                for cmd in commands:
-                    if cmd == "create zombie":
-                        self.create_zombie()
-                    if cmd == "create spaceship":
-                        self.create_spaceship()
-                    if cmd == "go to level2":
-                        self.kill_enemies()
-                        time_start = time.time() * 1000
-                        self.level = Level(2, player)
-                    if cmd == "go to level3":
-                        self.kill_enemies()
-                        time_start = time.time() * 1000
-                        self.level = Level(3, self.player)
-                    if cmd == "go to level4":
-                        self.kill_enemies()
-                        time_start = time.time() * 1000
-                        self.level = Level(4, self.player)
-            # 2b. rules for bullets
-            # 2b.1. Update the bullets position.
-            self.bullets.update()
-            # Update all stars.
-            for i in range(len(self.stars)):
-                (x, y) = self.stars[i]
-                y = y + 1
-                if y > Screen.HEIGHT:
-                    x = random.randint(0, Screen.WIDTH)
-                    y = 0
-                self.stars[i] = (x, y)
-            if time_clock > LEVEL_DELAY:
-                # 2a rules for the square
-                # Keep the square within bounds
-                self.player.update()
-                # 2c. rules for zombies
-                # 2c.1. Update the zombies position.
-                self.zombies.update()
-                self.spaceships.update()
-            # Clear the screen
-            self.window.screen.fill(Color.BLACK)
-            # Draw stars first (because its a background)
-            for s in self.stars:
-                pygame.draw.rect(self.window.screen, "white", pygame.Rect(s[0], s[1], 2, 2))
-            # Draw the square
-            # pygame.draw.rect(screen, square_color, (square_x, square_y, square_size, square_size))
-            self.window.screen.blit(self.player.image, self.player.rect)
-            if time_clock > LEVEL_DELAY:
-                # Draw the zombies.
-                self.zombies.draw(self.window.screen)
-                self.spaceships.draw(self.window.screen)
-                # ships make a sound, if...
-                if self.spaceships:
-                    if frame_counter == 30:
-                        self.sound.play("pellet")
-            # Draw the bullets.
-            self.bullets.draw(self.window.screen)
-            # write score.
-            if frame_counter < 30:
-                s = "1UP"
-                text_surface = self.window.font.render(s, True, "white")
-                self.window.screen.blit(text_surface, (96, 10))
-            s = f"{self.player.score:02}"
-            text_surface = self.window.font.render(s, True, "red")
-            self.window.screen.blit(text_surface, (160, 42))
-            # do high score.
-            s = "HIGH SCORE"
-            text_surface = self.window.font.render(s, True, "white")
-            self.window.screen.blit(text_surface, (320, 10))
-            s = f"{self.player.hiscore:02}"
-            text_surface = self.window.font.render(s, True, "red")
-            self.window.screen.blit(text_surface, (512, 42))
-            s = f"{self.level.level_number}"
-            text_surface = self.window.font.render(s, True, "red")
-            self.window.screen.blit(text_surface, (700, 42))
-            if time_clock < LEVEL_DELAY:
-                s = f"Level {self.level.level_number}"
-                text_surface = self.window.font.render(s, True, "white")
-                tr = text_surface.get_rect()
-                tr.center = (Screen.WIDTH // 2, Screen.HEIGHT // 2 - 100)
-                self.window.screen.blit(text_surface, tr)
-            # Update the display
-            pygame.display.flip()
-            if time_clock > LEVEL_DELAY:
-                # 3. INTERSPRITE COLLISION
-                # 3a. bullets kill zombies
-                collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.zombies, True, True)
-                collisions2 = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.spaceships, True, True)
-                if collisions:
-                    self.player.score = self.player.score + len(collisions)
-                    if self.player.score > self.player.hiscore:
-                        self.player.hiscore = self.player.score
-                if collisions or collisions2:
-                    n = random.randint(1, 2)
-                    if n == 1:
-                        self.sound.play("boom")
-                    else:
-                        self.sound.play("boom7")
-                if collisions2:
-                    self.player.score = self.player.score + (len(collisions2) * 10)
-                    if self.player.score > self.player.hiscore:
-                        self.player.hiscore = self.player.score
-                # Players may not touch zombies:
-                collided_enemies = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self.player, self.zombies, False)
-                if collided_enemies:
-                    print("You are DEAD!")
-                    print(" High score: " + str(self.player.hiscore))
-                    print(" Your score: " + str(self.player.score))
-                    self.quit_game()
-            # Control the frame rate
-            clock.tick(60)
-    #################################
-    ##      Support Functions      ##
-    #################################
-    def create_bullet(self, x, y, dx, dy):
-        self.bullet = Bullet(x, y, dx, dy)
-        self.bullets.add(self.bullet)
-        self.sound.play("laser")
-        if Constants.VERBOSE:
-            print("bullet created")
-    def create_zombie(self):
-        sx = random.randint(50, Screen.WIDTH - 50)
-        sy = 0 + Screen.MARGIN
-        dx = 0
-        dy = 1
-        z = Zombie(sx, sy, dx, dy)
-        self.zombies.add(z)
-        if Constants.VERBOSE:
-            print("zombie created")
-    def create_spaceship(self):
-        sx = Screen.WIDTH
-        sy = 0 + Screen.MARGIN
-        dx = -1
-        dy = 0
-        if random.randint(1, 2) == 1:
-            dx = 1
-            sx = 0
-        s = SpaceShip(sx, sy, dx, dy)
-        self.spaceships.add(s)
-        if Constants.VERBOSE:
-            print("spaceship created")
-    def kill_enemies(self):
-        for z in self.zombies:
-            z.kill()
-        for s in self.spaceships:
-            s.kill()
-    # Save the score to a text file.
-    def save_hiscore(self, filename, score):
-        with open(filename, 'w') as file:
-            file.write(str(score))
-    # Load the score from a text file.
-    def load_hiscore(self, filename):
-        try:
-            with open(filename, 'r') as file:
-                score = int(file.read())
-                return score
-        except:
-            print(f"Error. Resetting high score to 0.")
-            return 0
-    def quit_game():
-        self.save_hiscore("score.txt", str(self.player.hiscore))
-        pygame.quit()
-        quit()
-</Code>
-=== Level.py
-<Code:Python>
-import random
-class Level:
-    def __init__(self, n, p):
-        self.level_number = n
-        self.player = p
-        match self.level_number:
-            case 1:
-                self.tick_hook = self.level1
-            case 2:
-                self.tick_hook = self.level2
-            case 3:
-                self.tick_hook = self.level3
-            case 4:
-                self.tick_hook = self.level4
-            case default:
-                print("Unknown Level Number: " + str(n))
-                print("Defaulting to Level 1!")
-                self.tick_hook = self.level1
-        return
-##### Tick Hooks
-    def level1(self):
-        commands = []
-        if random.randint(1,45) == 1:
-            commands.append("create zombie")
-        if self.player.score >= 20:
-            commands.append("go to level2")
-        return commands
-    def level2(self):
-        commands = []
-        if random.randint(1, 35) == 1:
-            commands.append("create zombie")
-        if self.player.score >= 40:
-            commands.append("go to level3")
-        return commands
-    def level3(self):
-        commands = []
-        if random.randint(1, 30) == 1:
-            commands.append("create zombie")
-        if random.randint(1, 500) == 1:
-            commands.append("create spaceship")
-        if self.player.score >= 80:
-            commands.append("go to level4")
-        return commands
-    def level4(self):
-        commands = []
-        if random.randint(1, 20) == 1:
-            commands.append("create zombie")
-        if random.randint(1, 350) == 1:
-            commands.append("create spaceship")
-        #if self.player.score > 320:
-        #    commands.append("go to level5")
-        return commands
-</Code>
-=== Object.py
-<Code:Python>
-import pygame
-class Object(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
-    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, name=None):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, width, height)
-        self.image = pygame.Surface((width, height), pygame.SRCALPHA)
-        self.width = width
-        self.height = height
-        self.name = name
-    def draw(self, win, offset_x, offset_y):
-        win.blit(self.image, (self.rect.x - offset_x, self.rect.y + offset_y))
-</Code>
-=== Player.py
-<Code:Python>
-import pygame
-import time
-from Color import *
-from Screen import *
-# Define the Bullet Sprite class
-class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
-    SPEED = 5
-    SIZE = 20
-    COLOR = Color.WHITE
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__()
-        self.ticks = 0
-        self.loops = 0
-        # Create a surface for the bullet
-        self.image = pygame.Surface((self.SIZE, self.SIZE))
-        # Fill the surface with a color
-        self.image.fill(self.COLOR)
-        # Get the rectangle for positioning
-        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
-        # Set the initial position
-        self.rect.center = (Screen.WIDTH//2, Screen.HEIGHT-50)
-        self.score = 0
-        self.hiscore = 0
-    def update(self):
-        # Restrict to screen.
-        if self.rect.x < 0:
-            self.rect.x = 0
-        if self.rect.x > Screen.WIDTH - self.SIZE:
-            self.rect.x = Screen.WIDTH - self.SIZE
-        if self.rect.y < 0:
-            self.rect.y = 0
-        if self.rect.y > Screen.HEIGHT - self.SIZE:
-            self.rect.y = Screen.HEIGHT - self.SIZE
-        # Easier to read, but, slower.
-        #self.rect.x = max(0, min(self.rect.x, Screen.WIDTH - self.SIZE))
-        #self.rect.y = max(0, min(self.rect.y, Screen.HEIGHT - self.SIZE))
-</Code>
-=== Sound.py
-<Code:Python>
-import pygame as a
-class Sound:
-    def __init__(self):
-        a.mixer.init()
-        dir = 'assets/sound/'
-        self.sounds = {}
-        self.sounds["laser"] = a.mixer.Sound(dir+'laser1.wav')
-        self.sounds["laser"].set_volume(0.15)
-        self.sounds["boom"] = a.mixer.Sound(dir+'boom6.wav')
-        self.sounds["boom7"] = a.mixer.Sound(dir+'boom7.wav')
-        self.sounds["start"] = a.mixer.Sound(dir+'start4.wav')
-        self.sounds["pellet"] = a.mixer.Sound(dir+'pellet.wav')
-    def play(self, sound):
-        if sound in self.sounds:
-            self.sounds[sound].play()
-        else:
-            print(f"There is no {sound} sound!")
-</Code>